Mantoloking, New Jersey, October 30, 2012.

The following was published in the Biddeford-Saco?Journal Tribune Sunday edition, 8/30/2015. (Continued from Remembering Katrina, Part I.)

Ten years ago this week, Category 3 Hurricane Katrina left nearly 2,000 people dead, hundreds of communities uprooted, and more than $100 billion in damage along the Gulf Coast. Adding in Superstorm Sandys devastation in October 2012, just two events swallowed the equivalent of: five months of Medicare spending, or two years of the federal education budget, or four years worth of the Federal Highway Trust Fund, our national gasoline tax-funded infrastructure bank that is now running on empty. So much money, washed out to sea.

Natural disasters are unbelievably costly, and their effects can linger for decades. What do we have to lose here in Southern Maine? A lot. As just one example: according to Jon Carter, Town Manager of Wells, two-thirds (~$2 billion) of the towns property valuation lies between the ocean and Route 1. Thats real money, plus tourism assets that include 5% of the states annual lodging tax revenues, in the coastal storm danger zone.

We know we have a lot to lose. And we know hurricanes happen. They always have. Theres no stopping them; theyre too large, too powerful, and they may even serve as a necessary release valve for tropical heat. All we can do is prepare, hunker down (or, better yet, evacuate), and rebuild after they pass.

The will to prepare, however, is crucial, and it is continually sapped the longer we go since a big one. So it was in New Orleans before Katrina, so it was in New Jersey before Sandy. For us up here in Maine, its been a while.

Category 2 Hurricane Bob was the last major hurricane to hit the Northeast. Bob came ashore in Rhode Island in August 1991 and then moved over the Cape and into the Gulf of Maine, where it clipped our state with 90 mile-per-hour winds in Wiscasset. In Connecticut, where I lived, the storm surge from Bob came 20 miles up the Connecticut River and swamped our local riverside airport. Id never seen anything like it, and I havent since.

But that was 24 years ago and still a relatively small storm. We can all be forgiven for thinking those kinds of really big storms dont happen in Maine.

Except that they do. More than thirty Category 3 and even Category 4 storms have hit Maine and Cape Cod. We just werent here when they did. Clues recently unearthed in Scarborough Marsh and from salt marshes near Falmouth, Mass., reveal that powerful coastal storms ravaged our region on average every 40 years from AD 150 to AD 1150, and then again in early colonial times between 1400 to 1675.

Tellingly, the field of paleotempestology  the study of prehistoric storms  says that those storms were formed over waters that were historically warmer than the average of the past hundred years. Our warming East Coast waters are now getting back to those levels. Weve been in a quiet period up here for a couple hundred years, but that doesnt necessarily mean we live in a quiet place.

Thats the real challenge of climate change. No one disputes that the climate hasnt always changed. Its definitely been warmer and stormier in the past. Whats different and concerning now is that all our human stuff  houses, economies, ways of life  is standing in harms way. The hurricane trains have always run up the East Coast, but in the past hundred years, we started parking our cars on the tracks. We have to accept that inconvenient truth, dont we?

Its forehead-slapping obvious, but it always bears repeating: by adding a few more ounces of prevention, we can save tons of cure. As Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina: Lessons Learned, the definitive federal report on what went wrong in that disasters response, states, Hurricane Katrina necessitated a national response that Federal, State, and local officials were unprepared to provide. Help does eventually arrive, but if you want to truly weather the storm well, its up to you to plan ahead.

Through The Sandy Dialogues, a storytelling project the Wells Reserve at Laudholm ran this past year with our sister estuarine research reserve in New Jersey, we learned a number of lessons about preparedness. Over and over we heard if only we had done this, or if we had not done that, we would have saved millions of dollars or months of time. Planning resources and tools abound; here are a few questions they, and the Wells Reserve, offer for consideration.

• If I couldnt come back to my home for two months, what would I take? Thats how long some beachfront communities in the Gulf Coast and the Tri-state area were out of commission.
• If I wait until the last minute to evacuate, will there be traffic? (There always is, and it can be more deadly than the threat were fleeing.) Do I enjoy stop-and-go, or do can I leave earlier? If I stay, am I comfortable putting first responders lives at risk to save my own?
• If our towns emergency shelters are also schools, and a disaster hits during the school year, how will the kids go back to school if refugees are sleeping in the classrooms? If the kids arent in school, who will watch them during the day?

Some preparations are obvious, some are subtle. (My personal favorite: sure, those old paint cans and cleaning supplies look safe on the shelves in my basement, but when floodwaters wash them into my yard, Ill have my own personal Superfund site. Hmmm. September is National Preparedness Month, so after Labor Day, Im taking them to the transfer facility.) Decades of community, nonprofit, and governmental disaster responses have taught the world more than enough to learn about preparedness and recovery. We have to bravely face the inevitability of disruption.

A waitress in New Jersey, tearfully recounting her harrowing tale a year later to our Sandy Dialogues project team, said: at least well never have to go through that again. I hope, for her sake, that she meant that, when the next storm inevitably arrives, shell be better prepared. You can be too.

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Nik Charov is president of Laudholm Trust, the nonprofit partner of the Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve in Wells, Maine. His Sunday column, Between Two Worlds, ventures forth from the intersection of art and science, past and future, hurricanes and extratropical storms. More at wellsreserve.org/twoworlds.